Bio-efficacy of neem formulations (Azadirachtin 1% and 5%) on important insect pests of grapes and their effect on shelf life
N.S. Kulkarni, I.S. Sawant, S.D. Sawant, P.G. Adsule
ISHS Acta Horticulturae 785:305-312. 2008.
2008
บทคัดย่อ
Chemical based, bio-intensive based and neem-based modules were tested for their bio-efficacy on insect pests of grapes. Chemical based module was found most effective treatment in reducing insect population and it was reflected in yield obtained (13.90 kg/vine) followed by Bio-intensive based–module (combination of neem formulations+bio-pesticides+chemical pesticides) (12.50 kg/vine) and only neem based modules (11.22 kg/vine and 10.20 kg/vine). All the modules were superior over untreated check (7.80 kg/vine) in reducing insect population as well as yield. Bio-intensive module consisting of Azadirachtin 1% and 5% formulations along with chemical insecticides and bio-pesticides was better alternative for minimizing pesticide residues in grapes. No phytotoxicity symptoms were observed in any of neem formulation treated plots. Good natural enemy activity (1–2 grub/adults/vine) of ladybird beetle was observed in neem treated plots. Compatibility studies revealed that Azadirachtin 1% at concentrations up to 50 ppm had no adverse effect on growth of Trichoderma harzianum Tul. or Verticillium lecanii Zimmerman in vitro. Reduction in growth was noticed only at 100 ppm and higher concentrations. Studies on shelf life and berry rot studies with or without Trichoderma harzianum sprays revealed that the number of rotten berries was least in Azadirachtin 1% at 3 ml/L + T. harzianum 5 ml/L (containing 1 x 106 cfu/ml) treatment followed by Azadirachtin 1% at 3 ml/L treatment and Azadirachtin 1% @ 2 ml/L + T. harzianum. No difference was found in number of fallen berries on any day.