ศูนย์นวัตกรรมเทคโนโลยีหลังการเก็บเกี่ยว

Wheat is o­ne of the most important crops inSerbia, grown o­n approximately 600,000 ha with average yield of 3,600 kg/ha.Wheat is mainly used to make bread and in human nutrition. For livestock nutrition wheat grain can be used as concentrated livestock feed, and the whole plant can be used as fodder. Considering the economic importance of wheat, primarily in human nutrition, but also in livestock nutrition, the microflora of the wheat grain harvested in 2007 in the vicinity ofBelgradeinSerbiawas investigated. Wheat grains (3,300) were examined in regard to presence of potentially toxigenic fungal species, especially of genusFusarium.After surface disinfection in sodium hypochlorite, wheat grains were placed o­n 2% water agar, 10 grains per Petri dish, and incubated for 7 days at 26°C. According to methods by Ellis (1971), Burgesset al. (1994) and Watanabeet al. (1994), fungal genera were determined with special focus o­n species ofFusarium. The presence of seven fungal genera was stablished,Acremoniella(0.09%),Acremonium(0.06%),Alternaria(96%),Dreschlera(0.3%),Fusarium(3.5%),Nigrospora(0.03%) andPenicillium(0.03%). WithinFusariumeight species were identified,F. graminearum(63.5%),F. oxysporum(1.7%),F. poae(0.9%),F. proliferatum(5.2%),F. semitectum(2.6%),F. sporotrichioides(20.9%),F. subglutinans(3.5%) andF. verticillioides(1.7%). High presence of speciesF. graminearumandF. sporotrichioidesindicated potential danger of presence of mycotoxins zearalenone and trichothecene.