ศูนย์นวัตกรรมเทคโนโลยีหลังการเก็บเกี่ยว

Pre- and postharvest maize fungi of interest in northern Italy: microcommunities associated with roots and leaves.

Picco, A. M.; Piontelli, L. E.; Bisio, M.;

Boletin Micologico Year: 1994 Vol: 9 Issue: 1-2 Pages: 73-85 Ref: 53 ref.

1994

บทคัดย่อ

ABSTRACT

Seasonal variation in the mycoflora of roots, leaves and seeds (prior to sowing) was studied monthly in northern Italy through rinse and superficial sterilization during the vegetative cycle of 3 maize cultivars (Aida, Hawaiano and Hibisco). The highest number of isolations with both techniques and in every plant part isolated on PDA and tap water agar was found in Aida. The most frequent species detected in roots were Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizopus stolonifer, Trichoderma viride, Alternaria alternata, Pyrenochaeta terrestris, Ramichloridium sp., Penicillium spp. and Epicoccum purpurescens [E. nigrum]. Different incidences were detected in leaves. Members of 8 taxa or groups of taxa most frequent on roots and leaves were selected as models of seasonal variation (Alternaria, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Pyrenochaeta-Phoma spp., Rhizopus, Trichoderma, Drechslera-Bipolaris spp. and Penicillium). The results revealed variations in magnitude in only the last 3. F. oxysporum was dominant in every sample (80%),

whereas F. moniliforme [Gibberella fujikuroi] was rare, except in leaves (14%). In seeds of the 3 cultivars, frequent species were F. oxysporum, Penicillium spp., C. cladosporioides and G. fujikuroi, while the highest number of isolations was observed in Aida. Ustilago zeae, Diplodia zeae [Stenocarpella maydis], Bipolaris maydis [Cochliobolus heterostrophus], Botrytis cinerea, G. fujikuroi, Macrophomina phaseolina and P. terrestris were observed despite the satisfactory handling conditions and the use of chemicals. Among toxinogenic species, Aspergillus flavus was isolated only in the rhizosphere, and Alternaria, Fusarium and Penicillium were constantly found post harvest.