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Postharvest decay of winter pear and apple fruit caused by species of Penicillium.

Sanderson, P. G.; Spotts, R. A.;

Phytopathology Year: 1995 Vol: 85 Issue: 1 Pages: 103-110 Ref: 28 ref.

1995

บทคัดย่อ

Postharvest decay of winter pear and apple fruit caused by species of Penicillium.

 

In surveys conducted during 2 fruit packing seasons in Washington and Oregon states, USA, P. expansum and P. solitum were recovered most frequently (65 and 96% of collections, respectively, in 1990-91, and 77 and 54% of collections, respectively, in 1991-92) and in highest densities (1893 c.f.u./ml and 749 c.f.u./ml, respectively, in 1990-91 and 308 c.f.u./ml and 667 c.f.u./ml, respectively, in 1991-92) from pear and apple dump tank water. P. solitum was collected most frequently (89% of collections) and in greatest concn (1634 c.f.u./ml) from drench solutions followed by P. expansum and P. commune (47 and 42% of collections, respectively, and 495 c.f.u/ml and 249 c.f.u./ml, respectively). P. expansum was recovered from c. 27% of field bins sampled, while P. solitum and P. commune were recovered from c. 10 and 8%, respectively. P. expansum and P. solitum were most frequently recovered from fruit sampled from packinghouses and markets. Pear fruit were treated with 2 x 102 conidia/ml of P. expansu

m in challenge inoculations 0, 1, 7 or 28 d following initial treatment with 2 x 103 conidia/ml of either P. solitum or P. commune to determine the competitive ability of P. expansum relative to these species. When incubated at 20 deg C for 7 d immediately following the challenge inoculation, P. expansum became established in wounds 0, 1 or 7 d following initial treatment with P. solitum and in water controls. P. expansum did not become established in wounds challenged 28 d after initial treatments or in wounds challenged 7 d after initial treatment with P. commune. Incidence of infection by P. expansum following challenge inoculations 28 d after initial treatment with P. solitum was greater than in water controls when fruit were incubated at -1 deg for 28 d followed by a ripening period of 7 d at 20 deg . Incidence of infection by P. expansum generally decreased with increasing periods of time at which fruit were inoculated following initial wounding. Of 12 Penicillium spp. tested, only P. aurantiogriseum,

P. commune, P. crustosum, P. expansum, P. griseofulvum and P. solitum produced lesions in wounds of newly harvested, mature pear fruit (cv. d'Anjou).