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Alternative firmness testing methods for fruit and vegetables.

Studman, C. J.;

Acta Horticulturae Year: 1995 Issue: No. 379 Pages: 545-552 Ref: 8 ref.

1995

บทคัดย่อ

Alternative firmness testing methods for fruit and vegetables.

 

A new method of determining fruit and vegetable firmness, the Massey Twist Tester, is described. The method can be used on various crops, including apples, potatoes and kiwifruits, throughout growth and postharvest life. It involves a blade being inserted into the fruit or vegetable and rotated. Tissue crush strength can be measured at any depth, no skin needs to be removed and a smaller area of the sample is damaged than with the penetrometer method. In measurements on Hayward kiwifruits from 2 orchards, the new method recorded firmness values of 402 plus or minus 12 and 211 plus or minus 3 kPa at harvest for the columella and flesh, respectively, falling to 14.7 plus or minus 0.6 and 25.0 plus or minus 0.5 kPa, respectively, after 194 days' storage at 1 deg C. In comparison, penetrometer values fell from 82.5 plus or minus 1.5 to 3.8 plus or minus 0.3 N. The error in the penetrometer reading was considerably greater than that of the twist tester at low firmness values. It was concluded that th

e twist tester is a useful, low-cost alternative to the penetrometer.