ศูนย์นวัตกรรมเทคโนโลยีหลังการเก็บเกี่ยว

Chlorine concentration and the inoculation of tomato fruit in packinghouse dump tanks.

Bartz, J. A., Eayre, C. G., Mahovic, M. J., Concelmo, D. E., Brecht, J. K. and Sargent, S. A.

Plant Disease. Volume 85, Number 8, 2001. Pages 885-889.

2001

บทคัดย่อ

Chlorine concentrations (pH 6 to 7 and 22 to 27 deg C) that killed arthrospores of Geotrichum candidum or sporangioles of Rhizopus stolonifer, causal agents of sour rot and Rhizopus rot, respectively, in moving water within 30 to 45 s did not prevent these pathogens from inoculating wounded tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) in a water flume containing chlorine and spores. Free chlorine concentrations of 20 or 25 mg/litre were lethal to spores of G. candidum within 30 s in most in vitro tests, whereas spores of R. stolonifer were slightly less sensitive. Wounded tomatoes placed in a flume with free chlorine at 30 mg/litre and then exposed to spores for 1 minute developed about 50% less decay incidence during storage at 24 deg C for 6 days than did fruit exposed to spores and water alone. In the absence of chlorine, incidence averaged 57% (range, 15 to 95%) for R. stolonifer and 38% (range, 17 to 58%) for G. candidum. Sporadic sour rot lesions were observed among fruit that were treated with free chlorine at 75 mg/litre, whereas chlorine at up to 180 mg/litre failed to completely protect fruit from Rhizopus rot. A water-soluble dye rapidly penetrated wounds on tomato fruit. The dye framed the outlines of cells at the wound surface and appeared to penetrate into a few intercellular spaces. Application of 1% sodium hypochlorite decolorized the dye on the wound surface, whereas deposits located below the wound surface remained blue. Thus, spores suspended in moving water can escape the action of chlorine if carried into intercellular spaces by diffusion or by capillary movement of cell sap and water.