Induced Mutations for Improving Pre and Past Past-
R. Pathirana and S.M. Jain
Program and Abstract. Australasian Postharvest Horticulture Conference. Royal Lakeside Novote., Rotorua, New Zealand. 27-30 September 2005. July 5-10, 2005. Page 53
2005
บทคัดย่อ
Genetic variation is necessary for crop improvement. Induced mutations are ¢ highly effective way of enhancing natural genetic resources and have successfully been used to develop improved cultivars among both seed and vegetatively propagated crops. So far, among more than 2300 officially released mutant varieties worldwide, 566 represent ornamental plants (see http://www-mvd.iaea.org). Some of the selected traits in the annual ornamental plants are flower color, flower morphology, plant architecture, compact growth, flower type, and variegated leaves. Mutation-assisted breeding (MAB) has contributed high economic benefits in several countries. However, in Fair trees few cultivars have been released by MAR due to the long life cycle. Nevertheless, examples of MAR in apples, pears, Citrus spp., mango, banana and pineapple are encouraging. MAB can be a useful tool Car developing cultivars with changed biochemical or physiological characters that can enhance product quality. Good screening techniques are an essential feature if the process. Their application has led to the development of mutants with novel uses generated from old crops and has accelerated the domestication of new craps. Mutation induction in combination with in vitro regeneration systems (somatic embryogenesis, protoplasts, doubled haploids) can provide a means to generate large mutant populations followed by micropropagation of selected mutants that are multiplied in large numbers' for further evaluation. Moreover, induced mutants do not raise public health concerns, unlike Food generated from genetically modified crops. This review describes the achievements of MAB in horticultural crops, emphasising pre and post-harvest quality traits (storage, quality, nutrition) and future prospects for transgenic breeding.