Development of quarantine insect control systems for tropical fruits using controlled atmospheres
Elhade M. Yahia
Program and Abstract. 9th Controlled Atmosphere Research Conference (CA2005). Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA. July 5-10, 2005. page20
2005
บทคัดย่อ
Development of quarantine insect control systems for tropical fruits using controlled atmospheres
The application of a quarantine treatment for most crops in Mexico is a requirement, not only for export markets, but even for some national markets in states free from fruit flies. Currently very few quarantine systems are developed and used. The most important and commonly used system in the country is hot water treatment developed for mango in 1988.3 Unfortunately, although this system bas been used since then in several countries, but it is still limited to mango and has several disadvantages. This presentation will summarize our work developed over a period of about 8 years on the possible used of CA as a quarantine control system for several tropical fruits. Several fruits were investigated, but only mango was sufficiently tolerant for this treatment. Insecticidal CA (£ 0.5 kPa O2 + ³ 50 kPa CO2) at different temperatures (from 20 to 55°C) and relative humidity (RH) was tested on the tolerance of several fruits including different cultivars of mango, avocados, guavas and papayas, and on the mortality of different stages of the two most important fruit flies in Mexico (Anastrepha ludens and A. oblique). Insecticidal CA, especially at high temperatures increased the mortality of different stages of the fruit flies. CA at 43°C and 50% RH for 160 minutes achieved insect mortality in mango (probit 9) without causing negative effects on the fruit. The in vivo morality was faster than the in vitro mortality in both insects. Eggs were more tolerant than other stages of the insects. A. obliqua is slightly more tolerant than A. ludens. The mean estimated temperatures for 50%, 99%, and 99.9968% in vitro mortality (LTsoS, LT99S, and LT99.9968S) of eggs of A. obliqua exposed to 0 kPa O2 + 50 kPa CO2 at 51, 54 and 55°C for 240 min were 49.4, 54.8 and 60.9°C, respectively. Other fruits that were investigated but were found to be very sensitive to these atmospheres included avocado and guava.